What happens if a borrower does not repay their loan?

When a borrower fails to repay their loan, the lender has the right to take possession of any collateral that was pledged as security for the loan. This process allows the lender to recoup some of their losses from the defaulted loan. Collateral is typically an asset that the borrower owns, such as a car or a house, and it serves to protect the lender's investment by providing a tangible means to recover money owed. If the borrower does not meet their repayment obligations, the lender can initiate a claim on the collateral through legal processes, which can lead to repossession or foreclosure, depending on the nature of the loan and the collateral.

The other options do not accurately reflect the consequences of failing to repay a loan. Forgiveness of the loan amount is uncommon and usually only occurs in specific circumstances, such as student loan forgiveness programs. Lowering the interest rate as a result of non-payment is also unlikely, as it does not address the borrower's obligation to repay. Extending the term of the loan might be an option, but it typically requires an agreement between the borrower and lender, rather than being a direct consequence of non-repayment.